Answer:(c) Infrared waves are largely absorbed by water vapor that is concentrated in the lower atmosphere.
Explanation:
Statement (a) is incorrect. The total amount of insolation (incoming solar radiation) received at the equator is higher than at the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface, but it is not approximately 10 times more.
Statement (b) is incorrect. Infrared rays do not constitute roughly two-thirds of insolation. Insolation refers to the total solar radiation received, which includes a wide range of wavelengths, including visible light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and infrared radiation. The proportion of each wavelength varies, but infrared radiation alone does not make up two-thirds of insolation.
Statement (c) is correct. Infrared waves, which are a form of electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, are largely absorbed by water vapor present in the lower atmosphere. Water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas and contributes to the greenhouse effect by trapping some of the outgoing infrared radiation, leading to the warming of the Earth's surface.
Statement (d) is incorrect. Infrared waves are not part of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves of solar radiation. Visible light consists of a range of wavelengths that are perceived by the human eye, while infrared waves have longer wavelengths and are not visible to humans without specialized equipment.
