Answer: (c) All three.
Explanation:
All three statements are correct. Some microorganisms, known as extremophiles, are capable of surviving and growing in extreme environments. Here's a brief explanation for each statement:
Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperatures above the boiling point of water: Certain thermophilic microorganisms have adapted to thrive in high-temperature environments, including those above the boiling point of water. These organisms are capable of withstanding and utilizing the energy from such extreme heat.
Some microorganisms can grow in highly acidic or alkaline conditions: Acidophilic microorganisms can tolerate and even flourish in highly acidic conditions, while alkaliphilic microorganisms can thrive in highly alkaline conditions. These microorganisms have specialized enzymes and cellular mechanisms that allow them to function and reproduce in extreme pH levels.
Some microorganisms can grow at pH 8 or higher: Many microorganisms are capable of growth and survival at pH 8 or even higher. These include certain alkaliphilic bacteria and archaea that are adapted to alkaline environments.
Authentic reference source: "Biology: Textbook for Class XII" published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), which is a government body in India responsible for formulating and publishing school textbooks. You can refer to Chapter 10, "Microbes in Human Welfare," to find relevant information about the growth of microorganisms in extreme environments. The book can be accessed online through the official NCERT website or other reliable educational platforms.
