Answer: (a) 1st Amendment.
Explanation:
The 1st Amendment to the Indian Constitution was widely believed to be enacted to overcome judicial interpretations of the Fundamental Rights. It was passed in 1951, soon after the adoption of the Constitution.
The 1st Amendment was primarily introduced to address certain judicial decisions that had limited the scope of the power of the state to implement social welfare measures and land reform programs. The amendment sought to provide a balance between individual rights and the directive principles of state policy, which emphasized social welfare and redistribution of resources.
Reference source:
The information regarding the purpose and significance of the 1st Amendment can be found in the NCERT textbook "Indian Constitution at Work" for Class XI, published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). The textbook covers various aspects of the Indian Constitution and its amendments, making it a reliable and authoritative source for UPSC students.
