Question

Which of the following Articles directs the State to introduce the Scheme and Plans to minimize inequalities in income and to endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status and opportunities not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people?

I. 38(1)
II. 38(2)
III. Both 38(1) and 38(2)
IV. 39

Answer Options:

1. I only

2. II only

3. I, II and III only

4. IV only

Correct Answer: I, II and III only

Explanation:

1. Article 38(1):

   • This clause of the Indian Constitution directs the state to secure a social order in which justice — social, economic, and political — informs all institutions of national life.

2. Article 38(2):

   • This clause directs the state to minimize inequalities in income and eliminate inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities not only among individuals but also among groups of people.

3. Article 39:

   • While Article 39 directs the state to ensure policies for adequate means of livelihood, equal pay for equal work, and prevention of wealth concentration, it does not specifically address minimizing inequalities in income and status as mentioned in the question.

Thus, both Article 38(1) and 38(2) are relevant and correct, making the correct answer I, II and III only.