Unit 4: Government and Political System

Question

Structure and Types of Government

1. Discuss the differences between federal and unitary systems of government with examples.
2. Examine the significance of federalism in a diverse country like India.
3. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of a parliamentary system.
4. Discuss the key features of the presidential system of government.
5. Examine the differences between parliamentary and presidential forms of government.
6. Analyze the relevance of a bicameral legislature in a federal system.
7. Discuss the characteristics of a coalition government and its impact on political stability.
8. Examine the concept of direct democracy and its relevance in modern governance.
9. Analyze the implications of having a unicameral legislature.
10. Discuss the merits and demerits of a one-party system versus a multi-party system.

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Constitution and Constitutional Framework

11. Discuss the significance of a written constitution in democratic governance.
12. Examine the role of the Preamble in guiding constitutional interpretation.
13. Analyze the importance of Fundamental Rights in a democratic society.
14. Discuss the role of Directive Principles of State Policy in governance.
15. Examine the concept of constitutional supremacy and its importance.
16. Analyze the need for constitutional amendments in a dynamic society.
17. Discuss the significance of the Basic Structure doctrine in Indian constitutional law.
18. Examine the role of the judiciary in upholding the constitution.
19. Analyze the limitations on Fundamental Rights for maintaining public order.
20. Discuss the role of constitutional conventions in parliamentary democracies.

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Functions and Role of Executive

21. Discuss the role of the executive branch in the functioning of a government.
22. Examine the powers and functions of the President in a parliamentary system.
23. Analyze the significance of the Prime Minister’s role in India’s parliamentary system.
24. Discuss the powers and responsibilities of the Chief Minister in a federal structure.
25. Examine the role of the cabinet in policymaking and governance.
26. Discuss the functions and limitations of the Governor in Indian states.
27. Analyze the powers of the President of India in times of emergency.
28. Examine the role of the executive in enforcing and implementing laws.
29. Discuss the impact of coalition politics on the functioning of the executive.
30. Analyze the significance of collective responsibility in a parliamentary democracy.

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Legislative Structure and Functions

31. Discuss the role of the legislature in lawmaking and oversight.
32. Examine the process of lawmaking in India’s parliamentary system.
33. Analyze the role of the Rajya Sabha in India’s federal structure.
34. Discuss the importance of parliamentary committees in legislative functioning.
35. Examine the significance of the budgetary process in parliamentary democracy.
36. Analyze the functions and powers of the Speaker in maintaining order in Parliament.
37. Discuss the role of opposition parties in a parliamentary democracy.
38. Examine the role of legislative councils in state legislatures.
39. Discuss the significance of the Question Hour in the legislative process.
40. Analyze the impact of the anti-defection law on legislative functioning in India.

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Judiciary and Judicial Independence

41. Discuss the importance of judicial independence in a democratic setup.
42. Examine the role of the Supreme Court in upholding constitutional values.
43. Analyze the concept of judicial review and its significance in India.
44. Discuss the role of the High Courts in India’s judicial system.
45. Examine the impact of judicial activism on Indian governance.
46. Discuss the limitations on judicial powers in a democracy.
47. Analyze the role of the judiciary in protecting Fundamental Rights.
48. Examine the process of appointment of judges and its impact on judicial independence.
49. Discuss the role of the judiciary in interpreting the Constitution.
50. Analyze the importance of public interest litigation (PIL) in ensuring social justice.

Answer 1

Electoral System and Political Representation

51. Discuss the significance of the electoral process in a democracy.
52. Examine the role of the Election Commission in conducting free and fair elections.
53. Analyze the implications of the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system.
54. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of proportional representation.
55. Examine the challenges of electoral reforms in India.
56. Discuss the role of political parties in a democratic electoral system.
57. Analyze the significance of reserved constituencies for social representation.
58. Examine the role of money power in influencing election outcomes.
59. Discuss the impact of voter turnout on democratic legitimacy.
60. Analyze the significance of opinion polls and exit polls in elections.

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Role of Civil Society and Pressure Groups

61. Discuss the role of civil society in strengthening democratic governance.
62. Examine the significance of pressure groups in influencing public policy.
63. Analyze the role of NGOs in promoting social welfare and development.
64. Discuss the impact of social movements on government policy.
65. Examine the role of media in holding the government accountable.
66. Discuss the challenges faced by civil society organizations in India.
67. Analyze the role of think tanks in shaping policy decisions.
68. Examine the influence of corporate lobbies on policymaking in India.
69. Discuss the role of social media as a pressure group in modern governance.
70. Analyze the role of advocacy groups in protecting minority rights.

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Decentralization and Local Governance

71. Discuss the importance of decentralization for democratic governance.
72. Examine the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural development.
73. Analyze the significance of the 73rd Amendment in empowering local governance.
74. Discuss the role of urban local bodies in managing urban challenges.
75. Examine the impact of decentralization on citizen participation.
76. Discuss the challenges faced by local governments in India.
77. Analyze the significance of the 74th Amendment in urban governance.
78. Examine the role of local governments in promoting social justice.
79. Discuss the importance of financial autonomy for local governments.
80. Analyze the role of Gram Sabhas in promoting participatory democracy.

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Policy-Making and Governance

81. Discuss the role of policy-making in achieving social and economic goals.
82. Examine the significance of public policy in governance.
83. Analyze the role of bureaucrats in implementing government policies.
84. Discuss the impact of policy paralysis on governance.
85. Examine the role of transparency and accountability in policy-making.
86. Discuss the importance of evidence-based policy-making in governance.
87. Analyze the challenges in implementing welfare policies in India.
88. Examine the role of administrative reforms in improving governance.
89. Discuss the importance of inter-ministerial coordination in policy-making.
90. Analyze the role of digital governance in improving service delivery.

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Current Challenges in Government and Political System

91. Discuss the challenges of coalition politics on policy consistency.
92. Examine the impact of corruption on public trust in governance.
93. Analyze the role of the judiciary in curbing political corruption.
94. Discuss the significance of political reforms in strengthening democracy.
95. Examine the challenges of criminalization of politics in India.
96. Discuss the role of transparency in political funding for democratic integrity.
97. Analyze the role of political education in promoting responsible citizenship.
98. Examine the impact of political apathy on democratic governance.
99. Discuss the challenges of balancing regional aspirations with national unity.
100. Analyze the role of digital media in shaping public opinion and political discourse.