Match the following types of unemployment with their descriptions:
Types of Unemployment | Descriptions |
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1. Structural Unemployment | a) Unemployment caused by fluctuations in the business cycle. |
2. Cyclical Unemployment | b) Unemployment due to mismatch between workers' skills and available jobs. |
3. Seasonal Unemployment | c) Unemployment occurring when people are temporarily between jobs. |
4. Frictional Unemployment | d) Unemployment due to changes in the seasons or industries like agriculture. |
Options: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
b) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
c) 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c
d) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
Answer: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
Explanation:
- Structural Unemployment: Caused by a mismatch between workers' skills and available jobs (b).
- Cyclical Unemployment: Related to fluctuations in the business cycle, often rising during recessions (a).
- Seasonal Unemployment: Affects sectors like agriculture where work is seasonal (d).
- Frictional Unemployment: Happens when people are temporarily between jobs (c).
Consider the following statements regarding poverty:
- The poverty line is a threshold below which individuals are considered unable to meet basic living needs.
- The Tendulkar Committee is associated with measuring poverty in India.
- In 2023, India reduced its poverty rate to below 10%.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The poverty line is used to determine if an individual can meet basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Tendulkar Committee recommended a new methodology for measuring poverty in India.
- Statement 3 is correct: As of 2023, India's poverty rate dropped to below 10% due to government schemes and economic growth.
Match the following government schemes with their objectives:
Government Schemes | Objectives |
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1. MGNREGA | a) Providing affordable housing for rural poor. |
2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) | b) Guaranteeing at least 100 days of wage employment for rural households. |
3. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) | c) Promoting skill development for employment generation in rural areas. |
4. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) | d) Promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship among rural women. |
Options: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
c) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
d) 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
Answer: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
Explanation:
- MGNREGA: Provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas (b).
- PMAY: Focuses on providing affordable housing to the rural poor (a).
- DDU-GKY: Promotes skill development for rural youth to increase employability (c).
- NRLM: Supports self-employment and rural entrepreneurship, especially among women (d).
Which of the following is a key feature of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)?
a) Providing free education to rural children
b) Guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment for rural households
c) Offering healthcare subsidies to rural communities
d) Building urban infrastructure in rural areas
Answer: b) Guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment for rural households
Explanation: MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to rural households, focusing on promoting livelihood security.
Match the following causes of poverty with their descriptions:
Causes of Poverty | Descriptions |
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1. Economic Inequality | a) Low levels of education and skills that limit employment opportunities. |
2. Unemployment | b) Disparity in wealth and income distribution within a population. |
3. Lack of Education | c) Lack of employment opportunities for able-bodied individuals. |
4. Social Exclusion | d) Marginalized groups being excluded from accessing essential services. |
Options: a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
b) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
c) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
d) 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b
Answer: a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
Explanation:
- Economic Inequality: Disparity in income distribution (b).
- Unemployment: Lack of job opportunities (c).
- Lack of Education: Leads to fewer employment opportunities (a).
- Social Exclusion: Marginalized groups face barriers in accessing services like healthcare, education, etc. (d).
Which of the following committees is associated with the estimation of poverty in India?
a) Tendulkar Committee
b) Sarkaria Commission
c) Verma Committee
d) Mehta Commission
Answer: a) Tendulkar Committee
Explanation: The Tendulkar Committee proposed a new methodology for measuring poverty in India, which included adjustments to the poverty line to account for the rising cost of living.
Consider the following statements about MGNREGA:
- MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment to all urban and rural households in India.
- Under MGNREGA, employment is provided to households within 5 km of their residence.
- MGNREGA aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing employment on demand.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 3 only
Answer: b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: MGNREGA applies to rural households, not urban.
- Statement 2 is correct: Employment is provided within 5 km of the worker's residence.
- Statement 3 is correct: The aim is to enhance livelihood security by providing employment on demand.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of structural unemployment?
a) Technological advancements making some jobs obsolete
b) Skills mismatch between available jobs and workforce capabilities
c) Seasonal variations in demand for labor in agriculture
d) Outsourcing of jobs to other countries
Answer: c) Seasonal variations in demand for labor in agriculture
Explanation: Seasonal unemployment occurs due to variations in demand for labor based on seasons, while structural unemployment results from skills mismatches, technological change, and outsourcing.
Which of the following is a government scheme focused on providing skill training for rural youth in India?
a) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
b) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
c) Start-up India
d) Atal Innovation Mission
Answer: b) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
Explanation: DDU-GKY is a key scheme under the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), aimed at providing skill development training for rural youth to increase their employability.