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ECONOMY MCQ PART 4

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Here are multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Sustainable Development and Green Economy following the preferred format:

1. Match the following sustainable development goals (SDGs) with their focus areas:

SDGsFocus Areas
1. SDG 1a) Clean water and sanitation
2. SDG 7b) Affordable and clean energy
3. SDG 6c) No poverty
4. SDG 13d) Climate action

Options:
a) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
b) 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c
c) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
d) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Answer: a) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
Explanation:

  • SDG 1 focuses on eradicating poverty (c).
  • SDG 7 is about ensuring access to affordable and clean energy (b).
  • SDG 6 aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of clean water and sanitation (a).
  • SDG 13 is focused on climate action (d).

2. Consider the following statements regarding green economy:

  1. A green economy aims to reduce environmental risks and enhance human well-being.
  2. Green economies rely heavily on fossil fuel-based industries.
  3. Green growth promotes sustainable development without degrading the environment.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: a) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: The green economy seeks to enhance human well-being by reducing environmental risks.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: A green economy promotes renewable energy, not fossil fuels.
  • Statement 3 is correct: Green growth ensures development while protecting the environment.

3. Match the following energy sources with their contribution to India’s renewable energy capacity in 2023:

Energy SourcesContribution (%)
1. Solar Energya) 29%
2. Wind Energyb) 10%
3. Biomass Energyc) 44%
4. Small Hydropowerd) 17%

Options:
a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
b) 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b
c) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
d) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

Answer: a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
Explanation:

  • Solar energy accounted for 44% of India’s renewable capacity (c).
  • Wind energy contributed 29% (a).
  • Biomass energy added 10% (b).
  • Small hydropower contributed 17% (d).

4. Consider the following statements about India’s renewable energy targets:

  1. India aims to achieve 50% of its installed electricity capacity from renewable energy by 2030.
  2. India’s National Solar Mission targets 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022.
  3. As of 2023, India has already achieved over 70% of its renewable energy target for 2030.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: India has set a target of 50% renewable energy capacity by 2030.
  • Statement 2 is correct: The National Solar Mission targets 100 GW of solar power by 2022.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: While India has made significant progress, it has not yet achieved 70% of its 2030 target as of 2023.

5. Match the following countries with their Global Environmental Performance Index (EPI) rankings for 2023:

CountryEPI Rank 2023
1. Indiaa) 30th
2. Finlandb) 180th
3. Denmarkc) 1st
4. United Statesd) 43rd

Options:
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
b) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
c) 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a
d) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

Answer: a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
Explanation:

  • India ranked 180th in the 2023 EPI (b).
  • Finland ranked 1st (c).
  • Denmark ranked 30th (a).
  • The United States ranked 43rd (d).

6. Consider the following statements regarding the circular economy:

  1. A circular economy focuses on minimizing waste and maximizing resource efficiency.
  2. It promotes a linear "take, make, dispose" approach to production.
  3. Recycling and reusing materials are core principles of the circular economy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: a) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: The circular economy aims to minimize waste and increase resource efficiency.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: Circular economy rejects the linear "take, make, dispose" model.
  • Statement 3 is correct: Recycling and reusing are central to the circular economy.

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Match the following sustainable development concepts with their definitions:

ConceptsDefinitions
1. Circular Economya) An economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ensure sustainable development.
2. Green Economyb) A model focused on recycling, reusing, and reducing waste in the production process.
3. Renewable Energyc) Energy sources like solar and wind that are sustainable and replenish naturally.
4. Carbon Footprintd) The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities.

Options: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
b) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
c) 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c
d) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

Answer: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
Explanation:

  • Circular Economy: Focuses on reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency by reusing and recycling (b).
  • Green Economy: Ensures that environmental risks are minimized while promoting sustainability (a).
  • Renewable Energy: Sustainable energy sources like solar and wind (c).
  • Carbon Footprint: Measures the total greenhouse gases emitted by human activities (d).

Consider the following statements:

  1. India ranked 180th in the Global Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in 2023.
  2. Under the Paris Agreement, India aims to generate 50% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
  3. India's total contribution to global CO2 emissions in 2023 was approximately 7%.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: India ranked 180th in the Global EPI in 2023.
  • Statement 2 is correct: India aims for 50% renewable energy in its electricity mix by 2030.
  • Statement 3 is correct: India contributed around 7% of global CO2 emissions in 2023.

Match the following initiatives with their objectives:

InitiativesObjectives
1. Smart Cities Missiona) Promote the adoption and manufacturing of electric vehicles (EVs).
2. FAME India Schemeb) Address climate change and promote renewable energy.
3. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)c) Develop sustainable urban infrastructure in 100 cities.
4. National Solar Missiond) Promote solar energy and achieve 100 GW of solar power by 2022.

Options: a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
b) 1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b
c) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
d) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

Answer: a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
Explanation:

  • Smart Cities Mission: Focuses on sustainable urban infrastructure development (c).
  • FAME India Scheme: Promotes the adoption of electric vehicles (a).
  • NAPCC: Addresses climate change and focuses on renewable energy (b).
  • National Solar Mission: Promotes solar energy with the goal of achieving 100 GW of solar power by 2022 (d).

Which of the following is a goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

a) Promote the unrestricted use of fossil fuels
b) Reduce global carbon emissions by 50% by 2030
c) End poverty in all its forms by 2030
d) Increase the exploitation of natural resources

Answer: c) End poverty in all its forms by 2030
Explanation: One of the key goals of the SDGs is to end poverty in all its forms by 2030, alongside other objectives like addressing inequality, environmental sustainability, and promoting peace.

What was India's renewable energy share in the total electricity generation capacity in 2023?

a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 40%
d) 60%

Answer: c) 40%
Explanation: By 2023, India had achieved 40% of its total electricity capacity from renewable energy sources, reflecting its efforts towards sustainability and its commitment to the Paris Agreement.

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Match the following types of unemployment with their descriptions:

Types of UnemploymentDescriptions
1. Structural Unemploymenta) Unemployment caused by fluctuations in the business cycle.
2. Cyclical Unemploymentb) Unemployment due to mismatch between workers' skills and available jobs.
3. Seasonal Unemploymentc) Unemployment occurring when people are temporarily between jobs.
4. Frictional Unemploymentd) Unemployment due to changes in the seasons or industries like agriculture.

Options: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
b) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
c) 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c
d) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

Answer: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
Explanation:

  • Structural Unemployment: Caused by a mismatch between workers' skills and available jobs (b).
  • Cyclical Unemployment: Related to fluctuations in the business cycle, often rising during recessions (a).
  • Seasonal Unemployment: Affects sectors like agriculture where work is seasonal (d).
  • Frictional Unemployment: Happens when people are temporarily between jobs (c).

Consider the following statements regarding poverty:

  1. The poverty line is a threshold below which individuals are considered unable to meet basic living needs.
  2. The Tendulkar Committee is associated with measuring poverty in India.
  3. In 2023, India reduced its poverty rate to below 10%.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: d) 1, 2, and 3
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: The poverty line is used to determine if an individual can meet basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing.
  • Statement 2 is correct: The Tendulkar Committee recommended a new methodology for measuring poverty in India.
  • Statement 3 is correct: As of 2023, India's poverty rate dropped to below 10% due to government schemes and economic growth.

Match the following government schemes with their objectives:

Government SchemesObjectives
1. MGNREGAa) Providing affordable housing for rural poor.
2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)b) Guaranteeing at least 100 days of wage employment for rural households.
3. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)c) Promoting skill development for employment generation in rural areas.
4. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)d) Promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship among rural women.

Options: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
c) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
d) 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b

Answer: a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
Explanation:

  • MGNREGA: Provides at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas (b).
  • PMAY: Focuses on providing affordable housing to the rural poor (a).
  • DDU-GKY: Promotes skill development for rural youth to increase employability (c).
  • NRLM: Supports self-employment and rural entrepreneurship, especially among women (d).

Which of the following is a key feature of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)?

a) Providing free education to rural children
b) Guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment for rural households
c) Offering healthcare subsidies to rural communities
d) Building urban infrastructure in rural areas

Answer: b) Guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment for rural households
Explanation: MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to rural households, focusing on promoting livelihood security.

Match the following causes of poverty with their descriptions:

Causes of PovertyDescriptions
1. Economic Inequalitya) Low levels of education and skills that limit employment opportunities.
2. Unemploymentb) Disparity in wealth and income distribution within a population.
3. Lack of Educationc) Lack of employment opportunities for able-bodied individuals.
4. Social Exclusiond) Marginalized groups being excluded from accessing essential services.

Options: a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
b) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
c) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
d) 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b

Answer: a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d
Explanation:

  • Economic Inequality: Disparity in income distribution (b).
  • Unemployment: Lack of job opportunities (c).
  • Lack of Education: Leads to fewer employment opportunities (a).
  • Social Exclusion: Marginalized groups face barriers in accessing services like healthcare, education, etc. (d).

Which of the following committees is associated with the estimation of poverty in India?

a) Tendulkar Committee
b) Sarkaria Commission
c) Verma Committee
d) Mehta Commission

Answer: a) Tendulkar Committee
Explanation: The Tendulkar Committee proposed a new methodology for measuring poverty in India, which included adjustments to the poverty line to account for the rising cost of living.

Consider the following statements about MGNREGA:

  1. MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment to all urban and rural households in India.
  2. Under MGNREGA, employment is provided to households within 5 km of their residence.
  3. MGNREGA aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing employment on demand.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 3 only

Answer: b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: MGNREGA applies to rural households, not urban.
  • Statement 2 is correct: Employment is provided within 5 km of the worker's residence.
  • Statement 3 is correct: The aim is to enhance livelihood security by providing employment on demand.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of structural unemployment?

a) Technological advancements making some jobs obsolete
b) Skills mismatch between available jobs and workforce capabilities
c) Seasonal variations in demand for labor in agriculture
d) Outsourcing of jobs to other countries

Answer: c) Seasonal variations in demand for labor in agriculture
Explanation: Seasonal unemployment occurs due to variations in demand for labor based on seasons, while structural unemployment results from skills mismatches, technological change, and outsourcing.

Which of the following is a government scheme focused on providing skill training for rural youth in India?

a) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
b) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
c) Start-up India
d) Atal Innovation Mission

Answer: b) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
Explanation: DDU-GKY is a key scheme under the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), aimed at providing skill development training for rural youth to increase their employability.

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