Question

The Chairman of Bharat Missiles Ltd (BML) was watching a program on TV wherein the Prime Minister was addressing the nation on the necessity of developing a self-reliant India. He subconsciously nodded in agreement and smiled to himself as he mentally reviewed BML’s journey in the past two decades. BML had admirably progressed from producing first-generation anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMS) to designing and producing state of the art ATGM weapon systems that would be the envy of any army. He sighed in reconciliation with his assumptions that the government would probably not alter the status quo of a ban on the export of military weaponry.

To his surprise, the very next day he got a telephone call from the Director-General, Ministry of Defence, asking him to discuss the modalities of increasing BML production of ATGMS as there is a possibility of exporting the same to a friendly foreign country. The Director-General wanted the Chairman to discuss the details with his staff at Delhi next week.Two days later, at a press conference, the Defence Minister stated that he aims to double the current weapons export levels within five years. This would give an impetus to financing the development and manufacture of indigenous weapons in the country. He also stated that all indigenous arms manufacturing nations have a very good record of the international arms trade. As Chairman of BML, what are your views on the following points?

As an arms exporter of a responsible nation like India, what are the ethical issues involved in the arms trade?

List five ethical factors that would influence the decision to sell arms to foreign governments.

Answer 1

As the Chairman of Bharat Missiles Ltd (BML), it is crucial to consider the ethical dimensions of engaging in the arms trade, especially as India positions itself as a responsible nation in the international community. The decision to export military weaponry involves several ethical issues and factors that must be carefully evaluated to align with national values, international norms, and humanitarian considerations.

Ethical Issues Involved in the Arms Trade

1. Human Rights Concerns:

   • Potential for Misuse: There is a risk that exported arms may be used by recipient countries to violate human rights or suppress internal dissent. It is essential to ensure that arms are not sold to regimes with a history of human rights abuses.
   • Accountability: The exporting nation must take responsibility for ensuring that its weapons are not used to commit war crimes or exacerbate conflicts.

2. Impact on Regional and Global Stability:

   • Arms Race: Exporting arms can contribute to regional arms races, escalating tensions and undermining efforts towards disarmament and peace.
   • Proliferation Risks: The arms trade can lead to the proliferation of weapons, increasing the risk of them falling into the hands of non-state actors or terrorist groups.

3. Alignment with National and International Laws:

   • Legal Compliance: The arms trade must comply with national laws and international agreements, such as the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which seeks to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons and prevent illicit arms transfers.

4. Economic Considerations vs. Ethical Responsibility:

   • Profit vs. Ethics: While arms exports can boost economic growth and technological development, ethical considerations must not be overshadowed by economic incentives.

5. Reputation and International Standing:

   • Moral Authority: As a responsible nation, India must consider the impact of its arms exports on its international reputation and moral authority. Engaging in unethical arms trade could tarnish its image as a proponent of peace and stability.

Five Ethical Factors Influencing the Decision to Sell Arms

1. Human Rights Record of the Recipient Country:

   • Assessment of Risks: The decision to sell arms should be influenced by the recipient country’s human rights record. Arms should not be sold to countries known for systematic human rights violations or oppressive regimes.
   • Monitoring and Conditions: There should be mechanisms to monitor the use of exported arms and conditions to ensure they are used only for legitimate defense purposes.

2. Impact on Peace and Stability:

   • Conflict Zones: Avoid selling arms to countries involved in ongoing conflicts or regions where the introduction of additional weapons could exacerbate violence and instability.
   • Diplomatic Considerations: Arms sales should align with diplomatic efforts to promote peace and stability in the region.

3. Intended Use of the Arms:

   • Defensive vs. Offensive: Consider whether the arms are intended for defensive purposes or aggressive expansion. Defensive arms sales may be more justifiable than those that could be used for unprovoked aggression.

4. End-User Verification and Safeguards:

   • End-User Certificates: Require robust end-user agreements to ensure that arms are used by the intended recipient and for the stated purpose. Safeguards should be in place to prevent diversion to unauthorized users.
   • Transparency and Accountability: Ensure transparency in the arms trade process and hold both parties accountable for compliance with agreed-upon terms.

5. Alignment with National and International Norms:

   • Legal and Ethical Standards: Arms exports should comply with national legislation and international treaties such as the Arms Trade Treaty. Upholding these standards reflects a commitment to ethical conduct in international relations.
   • Multilateral Agreements: Engage in multilateral agreements and frameworks to promote responsible arms trade and prevent proliferation.

Conclusion

As the Chairman of BML, it is essential to ensure that the decision to export arms aligns with ethical standards and national interests. By considering human rights, regional stability, legal compliance, and international reputation, India can maintain its commitment to responsible arms trade. Balancing economic growth with ethical responsibility will enhance India’s standing as a leader in promoting peace and security globally. The decision to sell arms must be guided by principles that prioritize human rights, peace, and stability, reflecting India's values as a responsible nation.